The Three Natures of Yogacara Buddhism

How contemplating the interrelation of everything leads to understanding emptiness

Zachary Burres
3 min readJan 22, 2021

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“The imagined, the other-dependent and the consummate: these are the three natures which should be deeply understood.… Like an elephant that appears through the power of a magician’s mantra — only the percept appears. The elephant is completely non-existent. The imagined nature is the elephant; the other-dependent nature is the visual percept; the non-existence of the elephant therein is explained to be the consummate.”

— Verses from Yogacara philosopher Vasubandhu’s Treatise On The Three Natures.

In Buddhism, one of the most important first steps toward enlightenment is seeing reality for what it is. If you can, then you will understand the behaviors that cause suffering and be able to extinguish them.

Buddhism tells us that our suffering is the result of attachments to impermanent and empty things — or, when we chase things that aren’t really real or substantial.

The doctrine of the Three Natures is one way to come to understand that emptiness.

The First Nature: What You Imagine To Be True

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